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2019年成人高考专升本英语串讲

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2020-10-21 10:16:00|已浏览:105965次

2019年成人高考专升本英语串讲

第一节

一、开音节

以发音的元音字母结尾、以元音字母+不发音的e”结尾、以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e”结尾的音节都叫开音节。

如:no be note

发音的元音字母:a e i o u

二、闭音节

一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)”结尾的音节叫闭音节。

如:map plan west

三、r音节

元音字母+r”构成的音节叫r音节。

如:car doctor teacher dirty

词汇与语法

第一节 (null)

大纲要求掌握:

一、可数名词与不可数名词

二、可数名词的复数形式

三、名词的所有格

四、名词在句子中的作用

一、可数名词与不可数名词

名词分可数与不可数两种。

可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table country

或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family people committee police

不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air tea furniture water

或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work information advice happiness

有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。

room 房间(可数),空间(不可数)

time 时间(不可数),次数(可数)

fish (不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数)

比较下列例句:

There are nine rooms in the house. (房间,可数名词)

There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空间,不可数名词)

不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。

如: 一块肉 a piece of meat

两条长面包 two loaves of bread

三件家具 three articles of furniture

一大笔钱 a large sum of money

二、可数名词的复数形式

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下:

1.一般情况下在名词后加-s。如:girls books

浊辅音、元音结尾,s[z]

2.s x ch sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如:glasses boxes matches bushes

s x ch sh结尾,es[iz]

3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变yi再加-es。如:city-cities country-countries

4.o结尾的词多数加-es。如:heroes tomatoes potatoes

radios zoos photos pianos kilos 例外。

5.f fe 结尾的词,多数变ffev再加-es。如:thief-thieves leaf-leaves half-halves life-lives wife-wives knife-knives

少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children mouse-mice

可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。

个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses Japanese sheep deer

三、名词的所有格

名词的所有格表示所属关系, 起形容词的作用。

当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加 s

如:Jeans room my daughter-in-laws friends my daughters-in-laws friends childrens books

如果名词已经有了复数词尾s 则只需加。如:the teachers books my parents car

时间名词的所有格在后面加s ,复数加 。如:todays newspaper five minutes walk

当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由“of”短语构成。

如:the top of the world the cover of the book Chinas capital

s 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。

如:the grocers the tailors the Smiths

名词所有格考试常见部分是

名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加s

时间名词所有格在其后加s,或复数名词后直接加。

四、名词在句子中的作用

名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语,有时可以作状语。

名词、代词或其他结构作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。

1.主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。

All roads lead to Rome(条条大路通罗马。)

His brother is an industrial engineer

The number of the students attending the party is increasing

the number of 表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me

two-thirds 三分之二

几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。

belong to 属于某人

Both of us are studying English

总结:在名词作主语时,the number of 谓语动词单数形式;

几分之几,谓语单数形式;

both 谓语使用复数形式。

2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother

Forgetting the past means betrayal

What we are talking now is useless

3.主语部分若有as well as with together with like but except等短语,谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

Mary as well as her two sisters is a student of this school

(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语 Mary 是单数,所以谓语动词用复数形式)

No one except my friends knows anything about it

4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

Three times two is six

Three kilometers is 3ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)

5.Either neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

第二节 (1-4~2-2)

大纲要求:

1、不定冠词的基本用法

2、定冠词的基本用法

3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法

冠词是一种虚词,只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。

冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(aan)两类,定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指。

a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面,an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。

如:a university a useful book an umbrella a horse an honest man

一、不定冠词的基本用法

1.表示的含义。

Give me a pen please

We go shopping twice a week

2.泛指某个人或东西。

Yesterday we visited an English secondary school

She picked up a magazine and began to read

3.表示一类人或东西。

He works as a language teacher in that university

As a writer he is successful

Even a child can answer this question

可数名词单数出现,泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。

二、定冠词的基本用法

1.表示特定的人或东西。

Give me the magazine

Have you decided on the prices yet?

The book on the table is an English dictionary

Beijing is the capital of China

2.复述前文提到的人或东西。

Last week I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people

The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing

3.用于形容词前面,代表一类人或东西。

the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人

the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人

the young 年青人

4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。

the moon the sun the earth

The moon moves aroud the earth

We have friends all over the world

Dont build castles in the air

5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面,副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。

January is the first month of the year

The sun rises in the east

Japan lies to the east of China

Beijing lies in the north of China

Ireland lies on the Great Britain

At the Childrens Palace some children learn to play the piano others learn to play the violin

Last week we went to the theatre

Among the three girls she speaks English the best

东、南、西、北作副词时,前面不加冠词。

We are walking south

形容词最高级前若有物主代词,就不加定冠词。

Monday is my busiest day

6.用于姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。

The Lius have moved to Guangzhou

The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.

7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词,但若有限制性定语修饰,或表示特定部分、特定内容时,前面需加定冠词。

Drink some water

Is the water in the well fit for drink?

What do you think of the music?

He cant take the advice his mother gives him

三、不加冠词的基本规则

1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。

If winter comes can spring be far behind?

We have few classes on Sunday

10.1 is National Day

2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词,但乐器前需加定冠词。

What did you have for lunch?

Dinner is ready

Lets go and watch them play chess

My elder brother likes to play football

The boys are learnig to play the guitar

play the piano

play the violin

3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。

at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning

in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town

in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)

as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold

冠词考试重点

冠词所占比例不大,一般是1分或2分。

1、什么时候加定冠词。

2、可数名词单数出现,必须用aan或定冠词修饰,不能单独出现。

3、什么情况下,不用加冠词。

冠词易考:

1、冠词修饰名词。

Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch

upstairs是副词,前面不需要加冠词。

2、可数名词单数泛指,前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。

Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English

I have been waiting for him for half an hour

3、名词特指时,前面加定冠词。

He is enjoying his stay in Denmark but has some difficulty with the language

Is the water from the tap fit for drink?

4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指,前面不加冠词;大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。

As we know the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends

They left for work after supper

The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II (the Sencond World War)

5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。

Without any news from Tom for a long time his father left for Shanghai to see him

They will travel by air

I will help you for the sake of your sister(for the sake of 因为)

I will go to school on foot

My mother is in hospital

He has been in prison for two years

典型例题

1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II

A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; /

World War II是专有名词

答案:C

2. Can you play _____?

A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano

答案:D

3. “Youve been very busy lately

“So busy I havent had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look

A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dusts

dust 是不可数名词

答案:A

4. The station? Take the second turning _______

A. to left then go straight on B. on the left then go straight on

C. to left then go right forward D. to the left then go right forward

on the left 在左边

答案:B

5. My mother usually has _____ bed

A. the breakfast B. breakfast in

C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the

in bed 躺在床上

答案:B

in the bed 在床里面

6. He stole the money and they put him _________

A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prison

in prison 进监狱

答案:C

7. Even on Sundays fewer people go to ______ church than before

A. the B. a C. / D. that

go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学

答案:C

8. _________ look much alike

A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters

表示一家人,前面加 the

答案 D

(2-2~3-3)

包括

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。

一、人称代词

人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分,在句子中可以作主语和宾

语。英语中有下列人称代词:

在并列的主语或宾语中,Ime 通常放在后面。如:

Liping and I are in charge of the work

My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow

二、物主代词

物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语,名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语(接在of 后面)。英语中有下列物主代词:

名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如:

My bag is yellow his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown

三、反身代词

英语中有下列反身代词:

反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如:

Please help yourself to some tea(宾语)

The boy is too young to look after himself(宾语)

Ill be myself again in no time(表语)

The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位语)

I fixed the door myself. (同位语)

四、指示代词

指示代词包括this that these those such,在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)

thatthose有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one that one 来代替。用the one 的时候更多一些。如:

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生产

The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 产量

The best wine is that from France

My room is lighter than the one next door

Ill take the seat next to the one by the window

The film is more funny than that one

that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。如:

They have no time to read the books. Thats their trouble

She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent

I want to know this How much money we have left?

What I want to say is this Pronunciation is very important in learning English

this that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如:

I dont want that much

He is not that wise

The book is about this thick

五。疑问代词

疑问代词包括what which who whom whose 可以用来构成特殊疑问句,也可以引导名词从句。 What which who在句子中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语,whose作定语。如:

Who is speaking? (主语)

Which do you prefer the yellow one or the white one? (宾语)

Whats your sister?(表语)

The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer(引导定从句)

The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引导定从句)

This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引导定从句)

I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引导宾语从句)

疑问代词what which who whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如:

Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人?

Ill say whatever comes into my head

Take whichever book you like

六。不定代词

不定代词包括both either neither all none no one each every few a few little a little many much some any other another 以及some any no every构成的合成代词。

()both either neither

both 表示两者()”either表示“(两者之中)任何一个neither表示“(两者之中)没有一个。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语,both还可以作同位语。

My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play(be good at 擅长做某事)

Neither of the answers is right

Either of the books belongs to you

You and I are both to blame

You both agreed to stay

Both 放在实意动词前,系动词be 的后面。

()all none no one

allnone用于三者以上的场合,分别表示全部都一个都没有none往往与of连用。

All of us are fond of sports(be fond of 爱好)

We are all for him(be for sb 支持某人)

Grasp all lose all. 什么都抓,什么都抓不住。()

None of them know how to read and write

A friend to all is a friend to none. 滥交者无友。()

None of us are perfect

None of them has had that kind of experience

no表示没有,在句子中只能作定语,相当于not a not anynot否定动词,no否定名词。

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。()

No man is born wise. 没有人是生来聪明的。()

Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer)

one 指代上文提到的人或物,前面可以加定冠词,可以有自己的定语,还可以有复数形式。

Your answer is a good one

I dont like coloured envelopes. I like white ones

I havent got a raincoat. Ill have to buy one

()each every

each every表示每一个every 在句子中只能作定语,each 可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。

The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher(shake hands with 握手)

The students try to set aside a little money each month(set aside 节约)

From each according to his ability to each according to his needs(work)。各尽所能,按需分配。

I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well

There is every possibility of our winning the game

every 还常用在every little while (每隔一会)every other day every three days(每隔两天)every ten miles(每隔十英里) every now and then (不时)every four years every other line one out of every three students

()few a few little a little many much

few a few many 修饰或指代可数名词,little a little much修饰或指代不可数名词。few little表示否定,a few a little表示肯定,much常用于否定句中。

Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。()

Few words are best. 话少最好。()

They don‘t take much interest in it

I know little about it

There‘s a little water left in the jar

Few of them have been to India

I‘ve read a few books written by Dickens

()other the other others the others another

Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan the others from America

Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan others were from America

The United States unlike many other countries receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world

The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other(so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 区分)

Some students are watering the flowers others are weeding the fields

The task will be finished in another three days

Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?

Please give me another example to illustrate your point

There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother another is for my father and the third is for me

七、it的用法

1.指代一个人或事物。

Its only a fifteen-minute ride to my school

It often rains in the south of China

“Whos that?” “Its Liming

Its early spring

2.作句子的形式主语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。

It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise

It cost me five yuan to buy the pen

The color TV set costs me more than 2000 yuan

I spent ten hours in finishing the work

I spent twenty yuan on the shirt

It is no use crying now. Youd better study hard now(it is no use doing sth. )

To his surprise it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination(to ones surprise 使某人感到惊奇)

Its a pity that you didnt watch the match

It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day

3.作句子的形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。

They all regard it their duty to help the poor people

I dont think it worthwhile taking so much trouble(Its worthwhile doing. ……事是值得的)

We find it difficult to learn English without practicing

I think it no use telling them

I dont think it very important that we should take part in the discussion(take part in 参加)

He feels it his duty to help others

4.构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语,并且主语是人时,句型中的that 也可以换作who

强调句基本构成 it is that…

It is in the room that we met each other for the first time

It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games(not until 直到……)

It was they who attended the meeting last week

It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it

考试重点

thatthose有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one that one 来代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。

不定代词中,both 放在实意动词前,系动词be 的后面。every只能跟名词,each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every在代词部分要出现当每隔……讲。

few a few many 修饰或指代可数名词,little a little much修饰或指代不可数名词。few little表示否定。

one the othersome othersthe others

it用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is

代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义,形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用,在句子中只能作定语,名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用,代替上文出现的名词,在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。

Lets clean their room first and ______ later

A. our B. us C. we D. ours

(答案为Dours 相当于our room)

代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some any few a few little a little many much one none all both either neither each every other another 以及some any no every body one thing 构成的合成代词。

(1)泛指与特指。如:another other others 是泛指,the other the others是特指。

(2)肯定与否定。如:a few a little either some 及其合成代词表示肯定,few little none neither any 及其合成代词表示否定。

(3)可数与不可数。如:few a few many one 修饰或指代可数名词,little a little much修饰或指代不可数名词。

代词部分的另一个考核点是it

it 可以代替上文出现的单数事物。

The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. (it 指代the picture)

it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事

It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop

He made it plain that he was annoyed with me

it 还可以构成强调句型,即“It is / was +被强调的部分+ that …”。当强调的部分是人,并且是主语时,that可以换成who。强调句去掉it is / was that即成为普通的句子。

It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant

It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight

典型例题

1. “How often do you take the medicine ?”  “______ four hours

A. For B. Any C. Every D. Each

答案 C

2. “Is this bike yours?”

“No its ______

A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bobs D. Bobs

答案 C

3. “Is there ______ good on TV this evening?”

“Sorry nothing good. ”

A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything

肯定句中用something,否定句和疑问句中用anything

答案 C

4. You have a good suggestion but its not as practical as _______

A. he B. him C. his D. her

答案 C

5. A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab

A. it out B. out it C. them out D. out them

carry out 实施 宾格放在词组中间,名词放在词组后面。如,carry out his experiments

答案 C

6. Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim(苗条)

A. everyone B. anybody C. somebody D. no one

enjoy doing sth

anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人,在肯定句中指任何人。

答案 D

7. You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because theres hardly _____ left

A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

hardly 否定词,几乎不的意思。

答案 A

8. He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before

A. many B. much C. few D. little

本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。

drink too much 喝多了

too much wine 太多的酒

答案 B

9. She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away

A. other day B. another day C. every other day D. any other day

every other 每隔……

答案 C

10. It was terrible. One passenger was killed and _____ was badly hurt

A. the others B. rest C. the rest D. the other

he others后面谓语动词接复数。

答案 D

11. Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable

A. the others B. others C. the other D. another

some others

comfortable 舒适的

答案 B

12. If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office please have ________ leave a message for me

A. he B. him C. they D. them

have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

答案 B

13. The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony

A. I B. me C. mine D. my

pony 小马

主语 first thing,谓语动词 was to go out to see,宾语 the pony

答案 A

14. “Id like some more bananas

“Im sorry there is _______ left

A. no B. some C. few D. none

答案 D

15. There are two windows in this bedroom. _______ of them face south overlooking a beautiful park

A. Both B. One C. The two D. Either

either 开头谓语动词要接单数,both谓语动词用复数。

(3-3~4-1)

大纲要求

基数词及其用法;序数词的构成及其用法;分数词的构成;小数的用法。

一、基数词及其主要用法

表示数目的词称基数词。15 fifteen,几百几千不加s242 two hundred and forty-two5058 five thousand and fifty-eight9600000 nine million six hundred thousand

1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。

6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen

9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two

7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five

8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two

2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。

He died in his fifties

This took place in 1990s/1990s

The professor became successful in his thirties

3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。

1700 seventeen hundred

1814 eighteen fourteen

920 nine twenty

1130 eleven thirty/ half past eleven

545 five forty-five/ a quarter to six

88760231 eight eight seven six zero two three one

4.基数词可以用于编号。

Number six line 4 page 19 Bus(No) 332 Platform (No) 5 Room 101

5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语。

A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell

This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words

(The baby is eleven months old)

The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework

(There are four thousand words in the essay)

This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand

(There are four paragraphs in this essay. )

二、序数词及其主要用法

表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first second third fourth ninth twenty-first forty-fifth等。

序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first / the first of May(5.1) August the eighth / the eighth of August(8.8) the twentieth century the twenty-first century

序数词在句子中前面一般加the

The first of October is our National Day

She was the third to arrive

序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词,表示再一又一

Theyll have to do it a second time

Shall I ask him a third time?

When he sat down a fourth man rose to ask

三、分数词的构成

分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,若分子大于1,分母需用复数。

two-thirds(2/3)one-third(1/3) nine-tenths (9/10) five-twelfths(5/12)

特殊表达法有:one half (1/2)a quarter (1/4) three quarters (3/4)

考试重点

基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语,名词不能加s

数词部分需特别注意dozen hundred million billion 等词。表示具体数字时,这些词用单数形式,表示不具体的数字时,须用dozens of hundreds of 这类的结构。

I want three dozen of these

He has been there dozens of times

It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm

A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. some hundreds

(答案 C)

当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时,合成形容词中间若用连字符,则其中的名词须用单数形式。

The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown

Mary is a eleven-year-old girl

(Mary is eleven years old)

典型例题

1. In ______ century computers will be used more widely

A. twenty-one B. the twenty-one C. twenty-first D. the twenty-first

序数词前加the

答案 D

2. The meeting will be held in _______

A. 112 Room B. Room 112 C. the 112 Room D. the Room 112

答案 B

3. The Great Wall of China is about 6700 _______

A. kilometer long B. kilometers long

C. kilometer longer D. kilometers longer

答案 B

4. “How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”

“Fifteen so he was ______

A. the sixteen president B. the sixteenth president

C. president sixteen D. president the sixteenth

the sixteenth president 第十六任总统

答案 B

5. “What did the professor tell you to do?”

“I had to write a ______ report. ”

A. two thousand words B. two-thousands-word

C. two-thousand-word D. two-thousand words

答案 C

6. “Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”

“Yes I bought three _____ ties for just twelve dollars

A. five dollars B. five-dollars C. five-dollar D. fifth dollar

答案 C

7. Eight minus three _______ five

A. leave B. leaves C. left D. has left

一般现在时

答案 B

8. What date is it ? Its ________

A. July twentieth-first B. July the twenty-first

C. the twenty-first of July D. Both B and C

721日:July the twenty-first

the twenty-first of July

答案:D

9. When he was in his ________ he got the chance to go abroad to study

A. forty B. fortys

C. fortys years old D. forties

答案:D

10. “Rex told me you have moved

“Yes into a _______

A. two-storey house B. house of two story

C. house of two stories D. two-stories house

答案:A

11. “I would like to register this letter

“Please go to _______ on your left

A. third window B. window third

C. the window three D. the third window

register 挂号,邮寄

答案:D

形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)

大纲要求:

形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。

一、形容词在句子中的作用

1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)

I like this red dress very much(定语)

She is beautiful. (表语)

The patient is asleep. (表语)

Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)

Ive got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)

I said it would happen and sure enough it did happen(独立成分)

2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语。

This is a red dress. The dress is red

alike afraid alone asleep awake aware alive ashamed unable content

二、副词在句子中的作用

副词在句子中主要作状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子。

Unfortunately he wasnt at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)

Luckily she wasnt injured in the accident(修饰整个句子)

Her pronunciation is very good(修饰形容词)

I have been extremely busy these days(修饰形容词)

I can hardly agree with you(修饰动词)

He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)

三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成

1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er -est

如:small smaller smallest; great greater greatest; clever cleverer cleverest; quiet quieter quietest ; common commoner commonest; narrow narrower narrowest

2、以e结尾的词加-r -st

如:larger larger largest ; simple simpler simplest ; polite politer politest; brave braver bravest; fine finer finest

3、以辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变yi 再加-er -est

如:busybusier busiest; heavyheavier heaviest; happyhappier happiest

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写该辅音字母,再加-er -est (一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)

如:bigbigger biggest; thinthinner thinnest; hothotter hottest

双音节词,多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more most

如:difficult more difficult most difficult interesting more interesting most interesting; useful more useful most useful

特殊的比较级和最高级

四、形容词和副词比较级的用法

1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用,表示与什么相比。

This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel

为了避免重复,从句常用一些代词。

比较必须是两个相同的成分。

Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company

Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones

It is better to be prepared than unprepared

This is easier said than done

She is taller than I(me)

I meet with more difficulties than she does

The girls in my class are more active than those in his class

1、有than 就要考虑比较级。

2、比较的成分要完全一致。

2比较级+and+比较级,表示越来越…”

My father walked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up with him

keep up with \跟上,赶上

no longer=not any longer

My father walked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up with him any longer. (not 用来否定动词)

Our country is getting stronger and stronger

Things are getting better and better every day

Im getting more and more interested in arts

get interested in ……感兴趣

3.“the +比较级the+比较级,表示越是就越…”

The more haste the less speed. 欲速则不达。

The harder she works the more progress she makes

make progress 取得进步

The more I study it the more I like it

Actually the busier he is the happier he feels

The more preparation you do now the less nervous youll be before the exam

The sooner you start the faster youll be finished

五、形容词和副词最高级的用法

最高级的前面通常要加定冠词,副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的范围。

Of all the places Ive visited I like Hangzhou best

This is the worst movie Ive ever seen

Beijing is one of the largest cities in the world

For me Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the week

Among all the students he runs (the) fastest

比较级前面有时也加the ,表示两者之间的一个

Both of the two girls are beautiful but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the two

The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the two toys

六、“as+原级+as”“not as / so +原级+as”

“as+原级+as”,表示一样…” “not as / so +原级+as”表示不及…”

He is as good a swimmer as any of us

注意 good 的位置

Hes as tall as I

It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan

He does not smoke so heavily as his father

French is just as difficult a language as English

She is as good a cook as her mother

I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou

never 否定含义

类似的还有:hardly little few

“as+原级+as one can”“as +原级+as possible”表示尽可能地…”

Come as soon as possible

There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we can

there is nothing…but… but后一定跟动词原形

“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。

My new coat cost me four times as much as the old one

先说倍数,然后在as+原级+as

cost 花费,主语是物。spend 主语是人。

It takes sb. some time to do sth

spend in doing sth

spend on sth

This room is twice as large as that one

This room is twice larger than that one

七、比较级、最高级和“as+原级+as”前面都可以有表示程度的状语。

The sun is much bigger than the earth

错误:The sun is more bigger than the earth

She is by far the cleverest girl in our class

by far 到目前为止

Its becoming the third largest city in the country

They have many more chemistry books than we

There is much more water in this jar than that one

They will come back a little earlier

This time she ran a good deal faster

Tom is six centimeters taller than John

Of all the workers in the factory Alice is by far the most skilled

重点掌握:

1、只能作表语的形容词。

2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。

3、比较级多用than,个别情况下用 of the two。比较时,前后成分一定一致。

4the +比较级the+比较级

5as+原级+as not as / so +原级+as

6“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。

He is almost as tall as his brother

My father isnt as old as he looks

This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English

Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people

Winter is drawing near. Its getting colder and colder

The more you practise writing the better you will do it

The more work we give our brains the more work it is able to do

典型例题:

1. We are not _______ to afford a car yet

A. enough money B. money enough

C. rich enough D. enough rich

1enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。

Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch?

Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee

2enough 作为代词。

Six bottles of wine will be enough

I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show

3enough 作为副词,放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。

You dont practice enough at the piano

Is the river deep enough for swimming (to swim in)

She isnt good enough for the exam

答案 C

2. “Its six oclock and your father is still at the office

“I know who else would _______ he does?”

A. be as hard working as B. as working harder than

C. do harder work than D. work as hard as

as+原级+as

答案 D

3. “Ralph seems to like this country

“Yes he is _______ here as he was at home

A. almost as happy B. as happy almost

C. as almost happy D. almost happy as

as+原级+as

almost (already)放在系动词be的后面,其他动词的前面。

答案 A

4. They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world

A. any city B. any other city

C. any else city D. any rest city

populous 人口众多的

单数一定要跟单数比。

答案 B

5. Most of the students have made _______ progress in their study of English than we first expected

A. more great B. more greater

C. far greater D. far more greater

答案 C

6. General George Brown was older than _________ in his regiment (军团)

A. any officer B. any other officer

C. any others officer D. any officer else

来源:考试大-成人高考

(05-2~06-3)

考试大纲要求:

1、常用介词及其词义;

2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配;

3、介词短语及其用法。

介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分,往往和后面的宾语共同构成句子的成分。介词与名词、形容词、动词有着固定的搭配。

常用介词用法:

1. across(穿过)

My mother lives across the street

I came across him yesterday. (come across偶然遇到)

The post office is just across the street

2. after(……之后)

The children went to bed after saying good night to their parents

Who will look after your baby while youre away?

(look after 照看,照料,take care of)

The girl is named after her mother

(name after ……命名)

Rewrite the sentences after the model. (模仿,仿照)

3. against(反对)

What you are doing is against the rule

We are against the proposal. (be against 反对)

Nobody has got anything against you

4. along(沿着)

They walked along Nanjing Road

There is a cinema along the street

Im getting along/ on well with my classmates

5. around(围绕)

We all drew up closely around him

The guide showed us around the city

(show sb. around 领某人参观)

6. at(……)

Lets meet at the station

She was at a conference

The committee is to meet at the weekend

He joined up at eighteen(join up 参军)

What are you laughing at? (laugh at 嘲笑)

Lets have a look at the picture. (have a look at 看一看)

My mother was surprised at the news(be surprised at 吃惊)

He is good at mathematics(be good at 擅长)

He is good at drawing

7. before(……之前)

Dont put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。

Pride comes before a fall. 骄傲就会摔跤。

Before starting the work we had a discussion

Before long the war broke out. (break out 爆发)

I bought the book the day before yesterday

8. besides (之外还)

There are six students in the classroom besides me

Besides fun and good exercise swimming is a very useful skill

9. between(……之间)

Come between ten and eleven oclock

They dont know the difference between wheat and oats

(among 用于三者或三者以上)

Whats the difference between them?

10. beyond(……之外)

The lake is beyond that mountain

Dont go beyond the city boundary. (go beyond 超过)

Its expensive and beyond our reach

The city is beyond recognition. (beyond recognition 面目全非)

The problem is too difficult. Its beyond me

This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的,毫无疑义的。

11. but ((之外)

Who but a fool would do such a thing?

I have nothing but a book in my hand

Im the last but one to get here

12.by(经过)

She passed by me without saying goodbye to me

The woman is standing by the door

By the time we got to the station the train had left

By the end of the year we have trained 400 people

I came here by taxi. (by bus by plane by ship on foot)

The girl isnt an actress by profession. (actor 男演员)

Whats the time by your watch?

This novel is written by Charles Dickens

Consumer goods production will go up by 6 % this year

I met him by chance yesterday. (by chance 偶尔碰到)

We all have to abide by the rules. (abide by 遵守)

By the way where is the teacher? (by the way 顺便说一下)

In order to pass the exam we have to learn the texts by heart

At the age of ten she began to live by herself(by oneself 独自)

13. except (除去)

None of us have seen the film except my sister

He comes to school every day except Saturday

She is alone in the world except for her mother

14. for(为了)

After supper I always go out for a walk

(go out for a walk 散步)

Thank you for spending so much time listening to me explain

Thank you for spending so much time listening to my explanation

Forgive me for being late. (表原因)

Im sorry for what has happened

The coat is for sale. (for sale 出售)

This is a book for you

Whenever she is in trouble shell turn to her parents for help

(be in trouble 处在困难之中 turn to 向某人求助)

We left Beijing for Shanghai last week. (leave…for… 动身去)

I have studied English for three years

I sold the flat for 100000 yuan

(flatapartment 公寓,house 别墅,room 房间)

How much do you pay for the coat? (pay for 付款)

Its hard for me to get rid of all the rats. (get rid of 消灭,消除)

Im looking for my book

find(找到) Im looking for my book but I cant find it

I do this all for your good. (for ones good 为了某人好)

Who are you waiting for? (wait for 等待)

They do this for the sake of their mother

(for the sake of 因为)

15. from(来自……)

Weve learnt a lot from our teacher

They are busy from morning to night(from……to…… …………)

The letter is from your parents

I have been away from home for a long time

(be away from home 离开家)

(be from 来自) Im from China

The film we saw yesterday was different from the novel

(be different from ……不同,differ from)

The wine is made from the best grapes

make from 化学变化

make of 物理变化 The desk is made of wood

make sth. up ……组成

Animal bodies are made up of cells

Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities

make with sth. 迅速拿出或提供某物

Make with the beers buster. 伙计,拿啤酒来。

make for …………

She made coffee for all of us

Millions of people are suffering from the war(suffer from 遭受)

He is weak from lack of sleep. (lack of 缺乏)

I disagree with them from the beginning

(disagree with 不同意 agree with 同意)

I try to prevent them from doing the work but in vain

(prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事)

(in vain 毫无作用,徒劳)

The situation is getting from bad to worse

The guest is talking from beginning to the end

16. in(……)

She was born in 1980.

Well be back in three days

( He came back three days ago)

Do you work in the daytime or at night?

Well be back in no time. (in no time 立刻,马上)

He is in his early thirties. (in ones thirties 三十多岁)

He is always in a good mood

(in a good mood 情绪很好 in a bad mood 情绪很糟)

I have no difficulty/ trouble in solving the problem

(no difficulty in doing sth. 没有困难)

Did you have any difficulty in finding the hotel?

Can you write in English?

They have done it in a wrong way. (in a wrong way 错误的方式)

They accepted the plan in principle. (in principle 原则上)

17. into(进入)

Lets go into the room

I worked far into the night

The house has been turned into a museum(turn into 变成)

We must put these theories into practice

They all burst into laughter. (burst into 爆发)

At the news my sister burst into tears

(burst into tears 放声大哭)

I ran into my former classmate at the station. We havent seen each other for a long time

(run into 偶然碰到,偶然遇到)

18. like(……)

He likes its mother. 他喜欢他的母亲。

The baby looks like its mother

It looks like snow

Whats the weather like today?

I dont feel like eating anything

What does it look(taste) like?

19. of(……)

He is a friend of mine

Have you got the Complete Works of Lu Hsun?

Were of the same opinion. (be of 赞同)

Electricity is of great use in industry and everyday life

(be of use=be useful)

Your help is of great value to us

(be of value=be valuable)

I often think of the days we spent together. (think of 想起)

I read it quite by chance in a magazine. (by chance 偶然)

Its very kind of you to remind me of it

(Its very kind of sb

remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事)

The picture reminds me of the time we spent together in Dalian

Were proud of our son. (be proud of ……为骄傲)

The little boy is afraid of dogs. (be afraid of 害怕)

Its just waste of time

He is ashamed of his past. (be ashamed of 羞耻,惭愧)

The village is short of water. (be short of 缺少)

I do all these of my own will. (of ones own 出于某人的意愿)

20. on(……)

You hit the nail on the head. 你这话击中了要害。

Put the book on the shelf please

My mother was born on April 14 1947.

(哪一年用in,具体到某一天用on)

He left Beijing for home on the morning of July 2.

(in the morning ,具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on )

On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet

(on the eve of ……前夕)

We usually get up late on Sunday morning

On his return he told us about the meeting

They will go on a visit to Asia. (go on a visit=visit )

He is here on business. (be on business 做生意)

She is away on a trip. (on a trip 旅行)

The workers at the airport is on strike. (be on strike 罢工)

When we came back we found our house on fire

(on fire 着火)

The professor is making a speech on the current situation(关于)

This house is on sale. (on sale 出售)

Whos on duty today?

The girl insists on leaving home and depends on herself for a living

(insist on 坚持 depend on 依靠,依赖)

21. out of(出于)

Looking out of the window I saw a girl turn round the corner

They came out of the room to welcome us

My brother has been out of the hospital for a week

(be out of the hospital 出院 be in hospital 住院)

He did it out of gratitude for us

We helped the poor boy out of sympathy

Please get out of the way. 别挡道。

All of us were out of breath when we got to the top of the mountain

(be out of breath 气喘吁吁)

The coat is out of date. (be out of date 过时)

My mother is out of work now. (be out of work 失业)

22. since(自从)

They have been close friends since childhood(从儿童时期他们就是好朋友)

Weve always been on guard since then(be on guard 警惕)

I got to know him last year and have been writing to each

other since then

23. through(通过、穿过)

There is a path through the garden

Ive gone through the book(go through 看过 浏览过)

She must have been through a lot(be through 受罪)

We quickly saw through his trick(see through 看穿)

How soon will you be through? (be through 打电话)

Youre through now。你的电话接通了。

He began to look through the album(look through 翻阅)

The couple went through many hardships(go through 经历)

Shes ill all through September

24. to

All roads lead to Rome

Did you go to the exhibition last week?

Well change the date to July 10.(to 到什么时间)

Lets drink to your health(drink to 为什么干杯)

Dont leave things to the last moment(to the last moment 到最后一刻)

I must apologize to you

Happy Christmas! The same to you

Youre awfully nice to me

Hainan lies to the south of Guangdong(lie on lie in )

To our surprise she gave up the opportunity(to ones

suuprise 使某人感到惊奇 give up 放弃)

The final score is 35 in our favor

To our surprise everything in the room is in good order(be in good order 秩序井然)

25. under(……的下面)

Some girls are singing under the trees

The road is under repair(be under repair 正在修理)

From here we can see the bridge under construction

Scientists believe that they will get weather under control

some day(under control 在控制之中)

The proposal is now under discussion(proposal 提案)

The unpopular mayor is under constant attack in the newspapers

26. with(……)

Who was that with you? 你刚才和谁在一起?

Our teacher is strict with us(be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求)

My father is always patient with me(be patient with 对某人有耐心)

Were satisfied with our work(be satisfied with ……满意)

She is discussing the idea with her tutor

Were familiar with each other(be famililar with 熟悉 similiar to 相似)

Her eyes were filled with tears(be filled with 充满)

Hes in bed with flu

The ground was covered with snow

The street is crowded with people(be crowed with 拥挤)

He wanted to kill two birds with one stone( 一举两得)

The girl greeted me with a smile

The young man with glasses over there is my brother

Whats the matter with you?

I found the place with great difficulty(with great difficulty费很大劲)

Its hot outside. He was working there with only a T-shirt on

(6-3~7-1)

大纲要求

并列连词及其用法;从属连词及其用法。连词在句子中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词,从属连词用于复合句中。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。

常见连词用法

1.but(但是)

“I wont go. ” “But youve told me you would

“Can I help you?” “Im afraid the box is too heavy for you but thank you all the same

2. yet(然而)

They got to know each other a month ago yet they have been in deep love now. (be in love 相爱)

She has her weaknesses yet that doesnt mean she is not qualified for the job(be qualified for 胜任)

She is not a native speaker yet her French is adequate for the job(be adequate for 胜任)

3. however(然而)

The text is difficult. It is however not beyond the reach of the students

At first the girl refused to go with him. Later however she changed her mind

4. for(因为)

Youd better put on your coat for its rather cold outside

It must be snowing for it is so bright outside

The old man sat in front of the fire most of the day for it was very cold

5. so(所以)

I have lived in Wuhan for five years so Im used to the life here(be used to+ndoing 习惯于…… Im used to getting up early in the morning.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to teach in the school.I used to get up late in the morning)

It was already rather late so we decided to go home

My mother is expecting me so I must be off now

Mary earns a good salary so she cant be deep in debt

(be in debt 陷于债务之中)

6. and(并且)

Try your best and youll succeed this time(succeed是动词,successful是形容词,success是名词)

He shook his head and went away(shook的原型是shake)

7. then(然后)

First they only quarreled and then they began to fight

Use your brain and then youll find a way

8. or(或者)

Hurry up or youll be late

You may do it yourself or ask someone else to do it

He hardly ever goes to the cinema or the theatre

9. otherwise(否则)

She was in a hurry that morning. Otherwise she would have stopped to talk with you

Youd better take more exercise otherwise youll get fat

10. either …or(或者……或者)

You can come either today or tomorrow

You may either stay here or go with me

11. neither nor neither…nor

I dont know the answer neither/nor does she

(否定句+neither/nor+倒装句)

She couldnt speak German neither/nor could anyone else in the class

I dont want to do it nor do I want you to do it

She could neither speak English nor write it

We work neither for fame nor for personal gains

We neither know nor care what has happened

12. both…and (两者都)

Shes looking for opportunities both here and abroad

(opportunity 机会)

The prospects both excited and worried me

13. not only … but also(不但……而且)

not only … but also连接的句子成分一定要一致

The boy not only lost the money but also came close to losing his life

He is like his mother not only in appearance but also in character(not only+介词+名词,but also+介词+名词)

14. as well as(也怎么样)

We have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays

The kind man gave me some advice as well as some money

15. nevertheless(然而)

She has failed many times nevertheless she is confident she will succeed in the end

16. therefore(因此)

Youre in the right therefore we should support you

17. hence(因此)

The word is an uncountable noun and is used in a general sense hence(therefore) it takes no article

典型例题:

1. “I thought he hated the TV

“You are right _______ he still watches the program

A. yet B. besides C. also D. then

yet 然而 besides 除了

also不是连词,不能连接句子

He is a teacher. Im also a teacher

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